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UK Registered Cryptoasset Map Version 3.0 Thursday 28th July 2022

28/7/2022

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Fintech UK is looking to partner with registered / regulated (or soon to be) cryptoasset firms on building out a cryptoasset section on our website.  If you are senior executive at a UK registered cryptoasset firm, please contact us here to discuss the proposed project.  Also happy to hear from senior executives at businesses which support crypto firms to support the project. See our CRYPTO page for more information

If you are are crypto firm seeking regulatory advice or director services, please contact CompliReg for assistance at the details appearing here and check out its VASP registration and other authorisation services here.

Hope you like the Map (Version 3.0)!

Don't forget to sign up to our Newsletter (we don't spam) by clicking here.  We use MailChimp, which means you can unsubscribe whenever you like.
Welcome to the second edition (version 3.0) of Fintech UK's and CompliReg's (a leading provider of fintech consulting services to crypto asset firms) UK FCA registered Cryptoasset Firms Map.

There are now 36 registered Cryptoasset firms appearing on the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) website as at Thursday 28th July 2022.  Welcome to Zodia Markets.  The FCA register records Zodia Markets registration effective 27th July 2022.  We also took the opportunity to update Solidi's logo too.

We will not repeat what we said in our Blog on Version 2, which was released recently on Monday 18th July 2022.  You can read the Version 2 blog here. 

As we continue to Map registered Cryptoasset firms, expect to see certain logos appear more than once as several brands will be registering several Cryptoasset firms for different purposes, such as - for example - services for (1) trading and (2) custody. An example of this is in fact Zodia.  While Zodia Markets (UK) Limited was registered on 27 July 2022, its affiliate Zodia Custody Limited was registered effective 15 July 2021.

At the time we released Version 1, there were 218 (thereabouts) unregistered cryptoasset business listed on the UK FCA's website that appear, to the FCA, to be carrying on cryptoasset activity, that are not registered with the FCA for anti-money laundering purposes.  As of today, that number has remained steady at 248 since 18th July 2022..

The firms thus far registered by the FCA include:

2020: Archax Ltd, Gemini Europe Ltd, Gemini Europe Services Ltd, Ziglu Limited, Digivault Limited, 

2021: Fibermode Limited, Zodia Custody Limited, Ramp Swaps Limited, Solidi Ltd, Coinpass Limited, CoinJar UK Limited, Trustology Limited, Commercial Rapid Payment Technologies Limited, Iconomi Ltd, Skrill Limited, Paysafe Financial Services Limited, Crypto Facilities Ltd, Fidelity Digital Assets LTD, Payward Limited, Galaxy Digital UK Limited, BABB Platform Ltd, BCP Technologies Limited, Zumo Financial Services Limited, Baanx.com Ltd, Bottlepay Ltd, Genesis Custody Limited, Altalix Ltd, 

2022: X Capital Group Limited, Enigma Securities Ltd, Light Technology Limited, eToro (UK) Ltd, Uphold Europe Limited, Wintermute Trading LTD, Rubicon Digital UK Limited, DRW Global Markets Ltd and Zodia Markets (UK) Limited

Revolut Ltd, as of today, is the only firm listed on the Temporary Registration list and it was listed on December 2021 list too.  Interestingly, in addition to a cryptoasset registration, the Revolut group hasn't achieved obtaining of its much talked about bank authorisation in the UK either.  ​

We are looking forward to seeing how many more will be registered before the end of the year.

The post accompanying Version 2 appears at:
  • ​CompliReg: https://complireg.com/blogs--insights/uk-registered-cryptoasset-map-version-20-monday-18th-july-2021
  • Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/peteroakes_fintechuk-crypto-digitalasset-activity-6954800838179491840-lCjM?utm_source=linkedin_share&utm_medium=member_desktop_web

Further Reading:

Version 1 of the Map and the Blog of 20 December 2021 - located here

Version 2 of the Map and the Blog of 18 July 2022 - located here 

List of ​Unregistered Cryptoasset Businesses as at 28 July 2022 - located here
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New UK Regulatory Consumer Duty -  impact on regulated fintech

27/7/2022

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Here it is!

Released yesterday, A new Consumer Duty Feedback to CP21/36 and final rules Policy Statement PS22/9 27 July 2022.  See link to FCA page at end of this blog.
 
Final rules and guidance in UK for a new Consumer Duty (‘the Duty’) that will set higher expectations for the standard of care firms give consumers.
 
UK firms need to understand their customers’ needs and to have the flexibility to support them with certainty of the FCA's expectations, so they get good outcomes.
 
Under the Duty, firms will need to assess and evidence the extent to which and how they are acting to deliver good outcomes. Combined with the FCA's more data‑led approach, this should enable the FCA to more quickly identify practices that negatively affect those outcomes and to intervene before practices become widespread
 
 
Who this affects?

  • regulated firms, including those in the e‑money and payments sector
  • consumer organisations and individual consumers
  • industry groups/trade bodies
  • policy makers and regulatory bodies
  • industry experts and commentators
  • academics and think tanks

 
What is changing?
 Introducing rules comprising:

  1. A new Consumer Principle that requires firms to act to deliver good outcomes for retail customers
  2.  Cross‑cutting rules providing greater clarity on FCA expectations under the new Principle and helping firms interpret the four outcomes (see below). The cross‑cutting rules require firms to:
 
  • act in good faith
  • avoid causing foreseeable harm
  • enable and support retail customers to pursue their financial  objectives
 
Rules relating to four outcomes the FCA wants to see under the Duty. 
These represent key elements of the firm‑consumer relationship which are instrumental in helping to drive good outcomes for customers.
 
These outcomes relate to:

  1. products and services
  2. price and value
  3. consumer understanding
  4. consumer support
 
The rules require firms to consider the needs, characteristics and objectives of their customers – including those with characteristics of vulnerability – and how they behave, at every stage of the customer journey. As well as acting to deliver good customer outcomes, firms will need to understand and evidence whether those outcomes are being met.
 
Implementation timetable:
 Firms will need to apply the Duty to new and existing products and services that are open to sale (or renewal) from 31 July 2023. The FCA has given firms longer, until 31 July 2024, to apply the Duty to products and services held in closed books.)

​Click here for Consumer Duty Feedback to CP21/36 and final rules Policy Statement 
 

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Barclays snaps up stake in $2bn cryptocurrency firm Copper

25/7/2022

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Barclays Bank is reportedly taking a stake in Copper, a prominent name in the fast-evolving cryptocurrency sector.

The UK's Sky News reports that the UK-based bank is among a crop of new investors joining a funding round for Copper, which counts former chancellor Lord Hammond among its advisers.  The news agency reports that "City sources said Barclays was expected to invest a relatively modest sum in the millions of dollars as part of the round." and the fundraising is expected to be finalised within days.

Copper's strapline is that it provides an institutional gateway to digital asset investing through a trading system without moving assets to exchanges, eliminating the risk of hacked, frozen, or misappropriated assets.

It was reported earlier this year that Copper was targeting a valuation of at least $3bn in its latest capital raise but has since scaled that back, reflecting the growing crisis in the wider crypto-assets sector.  

Apparently Copper has also grown frustrated with the approach of UK financial regulators, prompting it to establish a hub in Switzerland instead.  That explains why Copper doesn't appear on Version 2 of Fintech UK's registered cryptoasset Map released last week.


​Barclays and Copper declined to comment.

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Copper's UK business not on Fintech UK's registered cryptoasset Map
​Copper, founded by Dmitry Tokarev in 2018, has drawn investors from big names in the global venture capital sector, such as LocalGlobe, Dawn Capital and MMC Ventures. Its institutional gateway provides custody, trading, and settlement solutions across 450 crypto- assets and more than 40 exchanges. 
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State Street to develop digital custody in collaboration with Copper.co
Copper, recently together with Street Corporation, announced today that State Street Digital had entered into a licensing agreement through which State Street Digital will leverage Copper.co’s technology to develop and, subject to receipt of regulatory and other approvals, launch an institutional grade digital custody offering where clients can store and settle their digital assets within a secure environment operated by State Street. The firm will leverage its robust infrastructure and vast experience to assist clients’ transition and thrive in the new digital economy.


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​Levels of investment in UK FinTech continue to increase despite global slowdown reports Innovate Finance

19/7/2022

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Top 10 Countries to host the highest levels of capital invested
The UK's Innovate Finance released news on the levels of investment in UK FinTech which shows it continues to increase despite global slowdown.

Highlights from the announcement include:
  • Total capital invested in FinTech globally reaches $59bn – flat year-on-year
  • UK FinTech sector continues to grow with investment reaching $9.1bn – a 24% year-on-year increase from 2021
  • UK remains second globally in FinTech investment, behind the US, and the top destination of Europe
  • Capital was spread across 3,045 deals – which is slightly fewer than 2021 which saw 3,401 deals in the first half of the year
  • Global slowdown comes with some exceptions including the UK which recorded a 24% year-on-year increase from 2021
  • Value of the top 5 biggest deals globally in the first half of 2022 was $5.0 bn, with Checkout.com, one of the top five from the UK. The largest deals from highest to lowest were for FNZ ($1.4bn), Trade Republic ($1.2 bn), Checkout.com ($1bn), Ramp ($748m) and Coda Payments ($690m)
  • US received the most investment in the first half of 2022, bringing in $25bn in FinTech capital, with the UK firmly in second place with $9.1bn, rounded off by India ($3.9bn), Germany ($2.4bn) and France ($2.3bn)
  • Some countries have seen notable drops in investment in the first half of 2022 including Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, and China, all falling down the global rankings. 

Commenting on the findings, Janine Hirt, CEO of Innovate Finance the industry body, said: 

“It is fantastic to see that UK FinTechs are continuing to secure outstanding levels of investment – this is a testament to the strength of our ecosystem, including our innovative entrepreneurs and founders, strong and diverse talent pool, and a supportive government and regulatory framework. 

“It is critical that we now keep up this momentum. The UK is currently receiving more investment in FinTech than all of Europe, second only in the world to the US. We must continue to work together – industry, government and regulators – to build on this leadership and ensure the UK remains the best place in the world to start, build and scale a FinTech business. This will positively impact not only the financial services sector but the entire population of the UK as a whole who will benefit from new, innovative, and more effective products that drive greater financial wellness.”


Further Reading:
  • Innovate Finance Press Release
  • Innovate Finance Full Analysis
​
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UK Registered Cryptoasset Map Version 2.0 Monday 18th July 2022

18/7/2022

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Click for larger image
Fintech UK is looking to partner with registered / regulated (or soon to be) cryptoasset firms on building out a cryptoasset section on our website.  If you are senior executive at a UK registered cryptoasset firm, please contact us here to discuss the proposed project.  Also happy to hear from senior executives at businesses which support crypto firms to support the project. See our CRYPTO page for more information

If you are are crypto firm seeking regulatory advice or director services, please contact CompliReg for assistance at the details appearing here and check out its VASP registration and other authorisation services here.

Hope you like the Map (Version 2.0)!


Don't forget to sign up to our Newsletter (we don't spam) by clicking here.  We use MailChimp, which means you can unsubscribe whenever you like.
Welcome to the second edition (version 2.0) of Fintech UK's and CompliReg's (a leading provider of fintech consulting services to crypto asset firms) UK FCA registered Cryptoasset Firms Map.

There are now 35 registered Cryptoasset firms appearing on the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) website as at Monday 18th July 2022.

The first 5 of these firms were registered in 2020. According to the FCA's records, the first registered Cryptoasset firm was Archax on 18 August 2020.  Then in 2021, the FCA registered 22 crypto firms.  Thus far in 2022, the FCA has registered 8 crypto firms.  The most recent to be registered is DRW (7 June 2021).

As we pointed out when we released Version 1.0 of the Map, 2021 saw a flurry of activity and especially in the last quarter of 2021 when 16 firms received their Cryptoasset registration from the FCA - that was a  whopping 60% of the total pool of registered firms at that time. At the current rate, the number of firms registered in 2022 may be less than that in 2021, unless the FCA registers a large pile of crypto firms in the second half of 2022.

As we continue to Map registered Cryptoasset firms, expect to see certain logos appear more than once as several brands will be registering several Cryptoasset firms for different purposes, such as - for example - services for (1) trading and (2) custody. 

At the time we released Version 1, there were 218 (thereabouts) unregistered cryptoasset business listed on the UK FCA's website that appear, to the FCA, to be carrying on cryptoasset activity, that are not registered with the FCA for anti-money laundering purposes.  As of today, that number has increased to 248.
The firms thus far registered by the FCA include:

2020: Archax Ltd, Gemini Europe Ltd, Gemini Europe Services Ltd, Ziglu Limited, Digivault Limited, 

2021: Fibermode Limited, Zodia Custody Limited, Ramp Swaps Limited, Solidi Ltd, Coinpass Limited, CoinJar UK Limited, Trustology Limited, Commercial Rapid Payment Technologies Limited, Iconomi Ltd, Skrill Limited, Paysafe Financial Services Limited, Crypto Facilities Ltd, Fidelity Digital Assets LTD, Payward Limited, Galaxy Digital UK Limited, BABB Platform Ltd, BCP Technologies Limited, Zumo Financial Services Limited, Baanx.com Ltd, Bottlepay Ltd, Genesis Custody Limited, Altalix Ltd, 

2022: X Capital Group Limited, Enigma Securities Ltd, Light Technology Limited, eToro (UK) Ltd, Uphold Europe Limited, Wintermute Trading LTD, Rubicon Digital UK Limited and  DRW Global Markets Ltd

When we released Version 1 we noted that there were 37 firms Cryptoasset firms with Temporary Registration.  You will see 39 on the previous list, but two of those firms were in fact registered - thus there seemed to be a timing issue of the records at the FCA. Regardless, some of the 37 achieved FCA registration in 2022 and others have dropped of the current list.  Revolut Ltd, as of today, is the only firm listed on the Temporary Registration list and it was listed on December 2021 list too.  Interestingly, in addition to a cryptoasset registration, the Revolut group hasn't achieved the obtaining of its much talked about bank authorisation in the UK either.  ​
We are looking forward to seeing how many more will be registered before the end of the year.
This post also appears at:
  • ​CompliReg: https://complireg.com/blogs--insights/uk-registered-cryptoasset-map-version-20-monday-18th-july-2021
  • Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/peteroakes_fintechuk-crypto-digitalasset-activity-6954800838179491840-lCjM?utm_source=linkedin_share&utm_medium=member_desktop_web
Version 1 of the Map and the Blog of 20 December 2021 - located here
List of ​Unregistered Cryptoasset Businesses as at 18 July 2022 - located here
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Crypto firm Celsius Network files for Bankruptcy; meanwhile Central Bank says tech can't save us from risk

14/7/2022

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Any surprises here?

In the same week that Bank of England, Deputy Governor for Financial Stability (John Cunliffe) said “Financial assets with no intrinsic value … are only worth what the next buyer will pay. They are therefore inherently volatile, very vulnerable to sentiment and prone to collapse,” we learn of yet another crypto firm filing for bankruptcy and the protection it affords.. 

Put another way: technology can’t remove all financial risks. 

Celsius Network, one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency lenders, filed for bankruptcy, following a wave of digital asset companies that have frozen assets and entered restructuring amid a sharp sell-off in cryptocurrencies thus far in 2022. 

Its business model was simple old-fashioned lending. Celsius took in customer deposits and lent out the funds at higher interest rates, making a profit from the difference. There is nothing innovative here, just as there is nothing innovative about Buy-Now-Pay-Later (laybuy on an app). In both cases it is simply technology putting a new spin on an old play. 

To lure investors, Celsius offered high-interest rates and claimed its risks were small. Yet according to a Financial Times investigation, Celsius took on increased financial risks in recent months as demand for loans from institutional investors waned. This is classic behaviour by financial firms when they finally see the writing on the wall. 

What do we learn from the filing? 

  • Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing comes roughly a month after it froze customer assets, trapping billions of dollars across more than a million accounts.
  • it listed between $1bn - $10bn in assets, the same amount in liabilities
  •  100,000 creditors
  • filing will be an “opportunity to stabilise its business” and undergo a restructuring “that maximises value for all stakeholders”.
  • had it not restricted withdrawals there would have been a run on its deposits operating on a first come, first served basis, leaving others with illiquid and less certain claims. 

A rather ironic outcome of the Celsius failure is that Alvarez & Marsal, a consultancy best known for unwinding failed investment bank Lehman Brothers after the 2008 financial crisis, is Celsius’s restructuring adviser.

Cunliffe is also reported saying "Cryptocurrencies may not be “integrated enough” into the rest of the financial system to be an “immediate systemic risk,” but he suspects the boundaries between the crypto world and the traditional financial system will “increasingly become blurred.”.

Now Celsius is not alone. We have also seen the implosion of a highly leveraged crypto hedge fund, Three Arrows Capital, which filed for bankruptcy in July 2022 too. Crypto lender Voyager Digital also filed for bankruptcy recently while other companies narrowly averted a similar fate by taking in emergency cash at fire sale prices.  BlockFi agreed to a rescue deal with crypto trading exchange FTX on July 1 that valued the lender at up to $240mn, far below an earlier valuation of $4bn.

What about investors?

I don't mean the customers but the backers. Celsius’s failure is poised to leave venture capital backers nursing large losses. In late 2021, it raised $750mn from WestCap and Quebec-based pension fund Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec at a valuation of more than $3bn. Ouch - especially for current and future retirees of the pension fund. Did they sign up their money for such illiquid investments?

Further Reading:
  • https://www.ft.com/content/8d6dee7d-2cc9-4663-a0a2-e469686baca5
  • ​https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/13/tech-cant-remove-all-financial-risks-crypto-regulation-needed-boe-.html
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Agreement Reached on European crypto-assets regulation (MiCA)

1/7/2022

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By Peter Oakes, Founder of Fintech UK
Don't forget to subscribe to our Newsletter and visit our Crypto & Digital Asset page for information.
 
Background:
  • MiCA is part of the larger digital finance package, which contains a digital finance strategy, a Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) – that will cover CASPs - and a proposal on distributed ledger technology (DLT) pilot regime for wholesale uses.
  • MiCA is intended to bridge a gap in existing EU legislation:
    • ensuring that the current legal framework does not pose obstacles to the use of new digital financial instruments.
    • ensuring that such new technologies and products fall within the scope of financial regulation and operational risk management arrangements of firms active in the EU.
    • ensuring the supporting of innovation and uptake of new financial technologies.
    • providing an appropriate level of consumer and investor protection.

Timeline:
  • 24 September 2020: European Commission came forward with the MiCA proposal
  • 24 November 2021: The Council adopted its negotiating mandate on MiCA
  • 31 March 2022: Trilogues between the co-legislators commenced
  • 30 June 2022: Provisional agreement reached.
  • Next Steps: The Provisional agreement must now be approved first by the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee  followed by a plenary vote of the European Union Parliament and the Council of the European Union Council also has to approve the deal, before the MiCA Regulation can come into force.
  • Early 2024: It is expected that MiCA should be implemented by early 2024.
 
What:
  • The EU brings crypto-assets, crypto-assets issuers and crypto-asset service providers to come under a single EU regulatory framework for the first time.
  • On Thursday, 30 June 2022, the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee negotiators for the European Parliament struck a provisional political agreement with the European Union Council on new rules on crypto-assets. 
Scope:
  • issuers of unbacked crypto-assets (this means that Central Bank Digital Currencies are not in scope),
  • stablecoins
  • trading venues where crypto-assets are held
  • wallets where crypto-assets are held.
  • non-fungible tokens (NFTs) i. e. digital assets representing real objects like art, music and videos, are excluded from MiCA except if they fall under existing crypto-asset categories.
Why:
  • Regulatory Framework: MiCA designed to protect investors and preserve financial stability.
  • Legal Certainty: Pan-EU wide definitions, legal provisions and authorisation standards not only serve the Regulatory Framework, but provide enhanced legal certainty for issuers, holders, users, regulators and government agencies.
  • Innovation: MiCA designed to provide for innovation and fostering attractiveness of the EU crypto-asset sector.
  • Uniformity: MiCA designed to bring more clarity (and hopefully remove any possible regulatory arbitrage going forward) and uniformity of approach to crypto assets in the EU.  Particularly important as some member states have national legislation for crypto-assets but without a specific regulatory framework at EU level, the EU risk fragmentation and arbitrage.
  • Consumer & Investor Protection: An urgent need for an EU-wide regulation has arisen because of recent developments (such as the crypto-crash / ‘crypto winter’).  MiCA aims to better protect Europeans who have invested in crypto-assets and prevent their misuse. Like all regulations, MiCA will protect consumers against some, but not all, of the risks associated with investing and help them avoid fraudulent schemes.
  • Reputation: MiCA aims at putting to an end to the crypto wild west.
  • Standard Setting: MiCA will confirm the EU’s role as a standard-setter for digital asset innovation in a pan-EU regulatory environment.

Consumer Protection:
  • Currently, consumers have very limited rights to protection or redress, especially if the transactions take place outside the EU. With the new rules, crypto-asset service providers will have to respect strong requirements to protect consumers wallets and become liable in case they lose investors’ crypto-assets. MiCA will also cover any type of market abuse related to any type of transaction or service, notably for market manipulation and insider dealing.

ESG:
  • Actors in the crypto-assets market will be required to declare information on their environmental and climate footprint. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) will develop draft regulatory technical standards on the content, methodologies and presentation of information related to principal adverse environmental and climate-related impact. Within two years, the European Commission will have to provide a report on the environmental impact of crypto-assets and the introduction of mandatory minimum sustainability standards for consensus mechanisms, including the proof-of-work.

Financial Crime:
  • Crypto-assets will be covered by EU updated anti-money laundering (AML), legislation.  MiCA will not duplicate the anti-money laundering provisions as set out in the newly updated transfer of funds rules agreed on 29 June 2022. 
  • This means that the ‘travel rule’.i.e. the rules on information accompanying the transfers of funds will be extended to transfers of crypto assets.  The EU is adamant about meeting the international standards on the exchange of crypto-assets, in particular recommendations 15 and 16 of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog.  Read the FATF’s release on 29 June 2022 ‘Targeted Update on Implementation of FATF’s Standards on VAs and VASPs.’ For further information.
  • The European Banking Authority (EBA) will be tasked with maintaining a public register of non-compliant crypto-asset service providers.
  • Crypto-asset service providers (CASPs), whose parent company is located in countries listed on the EU list of third countries considered at high risk for anti-money laundering activities, as well as on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, will be required to implement enhanced checks in line with the EU AML framework.
  • Tougher requirements may also be applied to shareholders and to the management of the CASPs), notably with regard to their localisation.

StableCoins:
  • A strong regulatory framework will apply to stablecoins to protect consumers.  The EU feels that this should be self-evident given the recent crystallising of risks incurred by holders in the absence of regulation, as well as the contagion impact stablecoins have on other crypto-assets.
  • Stablecoins issuers must:
  1. build up a sufficiently liquid reserve
  2. apply a 1/1 ratio and partly in the form of deposits. 
  3. provide every “stablecoin” holder with a claim at any time and free of charge by the issuer
  4. ensure that the rules governing the operation of the reserve provides provide for an adequate minimum liquidity.
  • Stablecoins will be supervised by the EBA, with a presence of the issuer in the EU being a precondition for any issuance.

Asset-Referenced Tokens:
  • Asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) based on a non-European currency used as a means of payment will be constrained to preserve the EU’s monetary sovereignty. Issuers of ARTs will need to have a registered office in the EU to ensure the proper supervision and monitoring of offers to the public of asset-referenced tokens.

Non-Fungible Tokens:
  • Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), i. e. digital assets representing real objects like art, music and videos, are excluded from the scope except if they fall under existing crypto-asset categories. Within 18 months the European Commission will be tasked to prepare a comprehensive assessment and, if deemed necessary, a specific, proportionate and horizontal legislative proposal to create a regime for NFTs and address the emerging risks of such new market.

Regulatory Framework:
  • CASPs will require an authorisation to operate within the EU.
  • Regulators (i.e. national authorities) required to issue authorisations within three months.
  • Regarding the largest CASPs, national authorities will transmit relevant information regularly to the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).

Next steps:
  • The Provisional agreement must now be approved first by the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee  followed by a plenary vote of the European Union Parliament and the Council of the European Union Council also has to approve the deal, before the MiCA Regulation can come into force. See more here.
  • It is expected that MiCA should be implemented by early 2024.

Further reading:
  • 30 June 2022 Digital finance: agreement reached on European crypto-assets regulation (MiCA)
  • 29 June 2022 Anti-money laundering: Provisional agreement reached on transparency of crypto asset transfers
  • 29 June 2022 Targeted Update on Implementation of FATF’s Standards on VAs and VASPs
  • 24 November 2021 Digital finance package: Council reaches agreement on MiCA and DORA
  • 24 November 2020 Commission proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-assets
  • Digital finance (background information)
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