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Revolut finally receives UK banking licence after three-year wait

1/8/2024

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Revolut has secured a UK banking licence – with “restrictions” – more than three years after Britain’s most valuable fintech firm lodged its application with regulators.

The Bank of England / Prudential Regulatory Authority recorded the legal  entity Revolut NewCo UK Ltd as a bank in its 'As at 1 August 2024' update.  The UK Financial Conduct Authority register shows that Revolut NewCo UK was registered on 25 July 2024.  
The Revolut entity has been assigned reference number 981170 

It is a milestone for the company, and will help pave the way for an eventual stock market listing, but it may still be some time before it can hold its customers’ deposits.

Tentative approval from the Bank of England means Revolut is in the mobilisation stage, where it will build up its banking operations.

The London-headquartered firm has waited years to get to this stage, having lodged its application for a UK banking licence in 2021.

The challenge, in part, was convincing regulators that Revolut had addressed a number of accounting issues and EU regulatory breaches, as well as reputational concerns, including an over-aggressive corporate culture. The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority also reportedly investigated the business in 2016 after a whistleblower claimed it was failing to conduct adequate money-laundering checks or properly flag suspect payments. That investigation was closed in 2017.

At the start of July this year, Nikolay Storonsky, Revolut’s CEO and co-founder, told CNBC that the company is feeling confident about securing its British bank license, after overcoming some key hurdles in its more than three-year-long journey toward gaining approval from regulators. At the time he said “Hopefully, sooner or later, we’ll get it,”.  Regulators are “still working on it,” he added, but so far haven’t raised any outstanding concerns with the fintech.

CNBC reported 
that one key issue the company faced was with its share structure being inconsistent with the rulebook of the Prudential Regulation Authority, which is the regulatory body for the financial services industry that sits under the Bank of England.


Revolut has multiple classes of shares and some of those share classes previously had preferential rights attached. One conditions set by the Bank of England for granting Revolut its U.K. banking license, was to collapse its six classes of shares into ordinary shares.

Revolut has since resolved this, with the company striking a deal with Japanese tech investor SoftBank to transfer its shares in the firm to a unified class, relinquishing preferential rights, according to a person familiar with the matter. News of the resolution with SoftBank was first reported by the Financial Times.
Who is in charge of the UK bank?
As at the date of its authorisation the following people are recorded by the UK FCA as being involved in the activities of Revolut NewCo UK:

  • Thomas Charles Wallace TCW00665 Approved by regulator SMF4 Chief Risk
  • Vincent Jacques Louis Alcaix VXJ00050 Approved by regulator SMF2 Chief Finance
  • Benjamin John Ellis BXE00058 Approved by regulator SMF16 Compliance Oversight
  • William Richard Holmes WXH00105 Approved by regulator SMF9 Chair of the Governing Body
  • Ian Douglas Wilson IXW00113 Approved by regulator SMF10 Chair of the Risk Committee
  • Rajan Kapoor RXK01135 Approved by regulator SMF11 Chair of the Audit Committee
  • Vladyslav Yatsenko VXY01026 Approved by regulator SMF7 Group Entity Senior Manager
  • Nikolay Storonsky NXS01512 Approved by regulator SMF7 Group Entity Senior Manager
  • Siddhartha Jajodia SXJ00336 Approved by regulator SMF7 Group Entity Senior Manager
  • Pierre Decote PXD02033 Approved by regulator SMF7 Group Entity Senior Manager
  • Carlos Selonke De Souza CXS47532 Approved by regulator SMF24 Chief Operations
  • Francesca Carlesi FXC01524 Approved by regulator SMF1 Chief Executive
  • Chaitanya Ravilla CXR00076 Approved by regulator SMF17 Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO)
  • Nicholas Patrick Smith NXS00636 Approved by regulator SMF18 Other Overall Responsibility

Further reading: 
https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jul/25/revolut-receives-uk-banking-licence-after-three-year-wait

https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/02/revolut-boss-confident-on-uk-bank-license-approval-after-record-profit.html
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Crypto firm Celsius Network files for Bankruptcy; meanwhile Central Bank says tech can't save us from risk

14/7/2022

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Any surprises here?

In the same week that Bank of England, Deputy Governor for Financial Stability (John Cunliffe) said “Financial assets with no intrinsic value … are only worth what the next buyer will pay. They are therefore inherently volatile, very vulnerable to sentiment and prone to collapse,” we learn of yet another crypto firm filing for bankruptcy and the protection it affords.. 

Put another way: technology can’t remove all financial risks. 

Celsius Network, one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency lenders, filed for bankruptcy, following a wave of digital asset companies that have frozen assets and entered restructuring amid a sharp sell-off in cryptocurrencies thus far in 2022. 

Its business model was simple old-fashioned lending. Celsius took in customer deposits and lent out the funds at higher interest rates, making a profit from the difference. There is nothing innovative here, just as there is nothing innovative about Buy-Now-Pay-Later (laybuy on an app). In both cases it is simply technology putting a new spin on an old play. 

To lure investors, Celsius offered high-interest rates and claimed its risks were small. Yet according to a Financial Times investigation, Celsius took on increased financial risks in recent months as demand for loans from institutional investors waned. This is classic behaviour by financial firms when they finally see the writing on the wall. 

What do we learn from the filing? 

  • Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing comes roughly a month after it froze customer assets, trapping billions of dollars across more than a million accounts.
  • it listed between $1bn - $10bn in assets, the same amount in liabilities
  •  100,000 creditors
  • filing will be an “opportunity to stabilise its business” and undergo a restructuring “that maximises value for all stakeholders”.
  • had it not restricted withdrawals there would have been a run on its deposits operating on a first come, first served basis, leaving others with illiquid and less certain claims. 

A rather ironic outcome of the Celsius failure is that Alvarez & Marsal, a consultancy best known for unwinding failed investment bank Lehman Brothers after the 2008 financial crisis, is Celsius’s restructuring adviser.

Cunliffe is also reported saying "Cryptocurrencies may not be “integrated enough” into the rest of the financial system to be an “immediate systemic risk,” but he suspects the boundaries between the crypto world and the traditional financial system will “increasingly become blurred.”.

Now Celsius is not alone. We have also seen the implosion of a highly leveraged crypto hedge fund, Three Arrows Capital, which filed for bankruptcy in July 2022 too. Crypto lender Voyager Digital also filed for bankruptcy recently while other companies narrowly averted a similar fate by taking in emergency cash at fire sale prices.  BlockFi agreed to a rescue deal with crypto trading exchange FTX on July 1 that valued the lender at up to $240mn, far below an earlier valuation of $4bn.

What about investors?

I don't mean the customers but the backers. Celsius’s failure is poised to leave venture capital backers nursing large losses. In late 2021, it raised $750mn from WestCap and Quebec-based pension fund Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec at a valuation of more than $3bn. Ouch - especially for current and future retirees of the pension fund. Did they sign up their money for such illiquid investments?

Further Reading:
  • https://www.ft.com/content/8d6dee7d-2cc9-4663-a0a2-e469686baca5
  • ​https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/13/tech-cant-remove-all-financial-risks-crypto-regulation-needed-boe-.html
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    Author

    Fintech UK and Peter Oakes

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